Ufasiri wa Mahusiano ya Uwakati Baina ya Vishazi Ambatani katika Lugha ya Kiswahili

Abstract

Abstract

Apart from forms that make the temporal relation explicit in coordinate structure, such as temporal connectives and adverbial of time, language has different ways of signalling that relation without using those forms. This paper intends to analyse how temporal pragmatic relations signalled between clauses which are linked by the coordinator na ‘and’ in Kiswahili. The study relies on Relevance Theory (cf. Sperber & Wilson 1986, Wilson & Sperber 2004) which is human cognition and communication theory. Using data from literature publications, speeches, government reports, and magazines, this paper reveals that coordinator na ‘and’ does not express temporality between coordinated clauses, as opposed to and in the English language (cf. Carston 2002). The paper shows that temporality relation in Kiswahili is expressed by -ka- tense affix and ku- infinitive affix.

Ikisiri

Mbali na kuwapo kwa maumbo yanayobainisha mahusiano ya wakati kama vile viunganishi vya wakati na vielezi vya wakati, lugha zina namna nyingine anuwai za kudhihirisha mahusiano hayo bila kutumia maumbo hayo. Makala haya yanalenga kufafanua namna mahusiano ya kipragmatiki ya uwakati yanavyoashiriwa baina ya vishazi ambatani vilivyoambatanishwa kwa kiunganishi ambatanishi na pasipo matumizi ya vielezi vya wakati au viunganishi vya wakati katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Makala haya yameongozwa na Nadharia ya Uhusiano (taz. Sperber & Wilson 1995, Wilson & Sperber 1993, 2004) ambayo ni nadharia ya utambuzi wa binadamu na mawasiliano. Data za utafiti huu zimepatikana katika machapisho ya fasihi, hotuba na ripoti za serikali na magazeti. Matokeo ya makala haya yanaonesha kuwa kiunganishi ambatanishi na hakina dhima ya kipragmatiki ya kuashiria mahusiano ya uwakati, baina ya vishazi ambatani kama ilivyo kwa kiunganishi ‘and’ katika Kiingereza (taz. Carston 2002). Badala yake mahusiano hayo katika lugha ya Kiswahili huashiriwa kwa kiambishi njeo -ka- na kiambishi kisoukomo ku-