A systematic literature review on blockchain-based titles registries for transparent land administration

Abstract

Traditional land registration processes in many countries are vulnerable and lack transparency, resulting in fraud, delays, and costs, especially in developing countries, and blockchain integration has been proposed as a potential solution in land administration systems. This paper addresses the challenges of the conventional system in its examination of this integration. Sweden stands out for its successful implementation of blockchain in land registry, owing to its advanced digital landscape. In contrast, developing countries such as Namibia face limited internet access, particularly in rural areas, which can hinder blockchain adoption. Georgia, Honduras, and Ghana have had success combating corruption through blockchain in land titling, while Kenya, Dubai, and several other countries are all actively exploring various blockchain applications in land administration. Despite its potential, this systematic literature review identifies a few challenges, such as identity verification, contract legality, co-ownership management, and adaptation to legal frameworks, that must be addressed before widespread blockchain implementation. The successes of Sweden, Georgia, Honduras, and Ghana illustrate both the potential and limitations of utilizing blockchain technology for land registry purposes. This study concludes that while blockchain's potential in land administration is evident, its realization requires careful consideration of legal, technological, and governmental complexities.